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MAIASP. 2019. No. 11
S.N. Razumov (Tiraspol, Moldova), S.A. Fidelsky
(Tiraspol, Moldova), I.A. Chetverikov
(Tiraspol, Moldova), S.O. Simonenko
(Tiraspol, Moldova)
Bendery fortress in the 16th century according to
archaeological research
DOI: 10.24411/2713-2021-2019-00005
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Pages: 245—267
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The
Dniester archaeological expedition conducted research of the lower tier of
the South-East tower of the citadel of Bendery
fortress in February—March
2019. The stone crumb floor with lime was cleared at a depth of 3.35 m from the entrance
level. Its building is connected with the first stratigraphic
horizon of the tower (1538). The second horizon is represented by filling the
lower tier of the tower in the form of a light yellow loess like loam with a
thickness of 1,6—1,7 m, in
which fragments of pottery ceramics of the 16th century, metal
items and animal bones were found. Archaeological research in 2019 confirmed
the version that the first stone fortifications were built here by the Turks,
and not earlier than the end of the 1530s. It was established in the course
of the excavation that the second stratigraphic
horizon was formed during the reconstruction and expansion of the fortress in
1584. The Moldavian ruler Peter Hromoi began
reconstruction of the fortificationsá which were
dilapidated during Polish-Cossack raids, at the beginning of this year, on
the orders of the Turkish Sultan. The inner ditch and the Lower Fortress were
built within a few months. Loam from the filling of the ditch was used to
fill the lower tier of the South-East, and probably other citadel towers, to
strengthen them against the intensified siege artillery and tunnels. The
materials of this horizon reflected new trends in fortification art of the
second half of the 16th century in the North
Black Sea region and neighboring regions.
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Key words: Lower Dniester region, 16th
century, Bendery fortress, Ottoman
Empire, fortification, Moldavian Principality, archaeology,
architecture.
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Received November 11, 2019
Accepted for publication
December 2, 2019
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Chetverikov Igor Anatolyevich (Tiraspol, Moldova).
Senior Staff Scientist of Researcher
of Research Laboratory “Archaeology” of T.G. Shevchenko
Pridnestrovian
State University
E-mail: chetverikov67@mail.ru
Simonenko Sergey Olegovich (Tiraspol, Moldova).
Staff Scientist of Research Laboratory “Archaeology” of T.G. Shevchenko
Pridnestrovian
State University
E-mail: simon_mid@mail.ru
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