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The
article is an analysis of the judicial functions of khans of the Crimea since 15th to 18th c.
Basic levels and directions of the khan’s justice as the supreme court of the
khanate are clarified. Besides that khans are also characterized as
organizers of the court of divan, beys’ courts and
courts of qadis in accordance with Shariat. Author attempts to answer the question why the
justice of Crimean khans was substantially limited in comparison with
monarchs of the Mongol Empire and the Golden Horde. At that specific feature
of political statement of the Crimean Khanate (as a vassal of the Ottoman
Empire and a state with unstable political situation), religious situation in
the Crimean Peninsula are taken into account. The sources for the study are
official documents of the Crimean Khanate such as khans’ yarliks,
court registers, historical chronicles and notes of foreign travelers who
visited Crimea in 16th — 18th cc. Author finds that
khans of Crimea de-jure saved Chinggisid traditions
(as supreme judges in the khanate), but were substantially limited in their
court power de-facto because of feudal aristocracy and courts of qadis. Nevertheless, several kinds of cases as before
remained in their competence. Also khans had wide potentialities in the field
of organization of the court system of khanate.
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