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MAIASP. 2024. No. 16
Mikhail
Treister (Bonn, Germany), Nikolay Sudarev (Moscow,
Russia)
Gold pendants in the form of lion heads from the
burials of the last quarter of the 5thcentury BCE of the
necropoleis of the Taman
Peninsula
DOI: 10.53737/2713-2021.2024.83.89.008
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Pages: 194—233
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This
paper focuses on the publication of gold pendants in the form of lion heads of the 5th
century BCE from the necropoleis of the Taman Peninsula. The pendants in question are
the most common type of gold pendants in the form of animal heads, which are
also represented by pendants in the form of bull and ram heads. The published
pendants of all three groups are presented in the form of a short catalogue
in Appendices 1—3.
These pendants were widespread from Southern Italy and Sicily
in the West, to Rhodes, Euboea, Macedonia, Thasos and Thrace, to Olbia and
the Bosporus, as well as the Kuban region,
in the East.
The attention that is
attracted by the finds from the Taman
Peninsula is explained
by the fact that they all come from excavations of necropoleis, from the burial complexes that can be
reliably dated by the black-glazed pottery. Probably the earliest find is
from the necropolis of Eretria,
if the dating of the complex to the first quarter of the 5th
century BCE is correct. It is obvious that pendants in the form of bull and
ram heads also appeared at the same time, judging by their use as elements of
necklaces from the burials of the same cemetery. In the North
Pontic region, the earliest pendant in
the form of a lion’s head is a find from the grave no. 10/1913 of the necropolis of
Olbia,
which may date back to the second, or rather the third quarter of the 5th
century BCE. The pendants from the complexes of the Taman Peninsula,
presented in the paper, can be dated to the last quarter of the same century
and even to the turn of the 5th — 4th centuries BCE.
In the late 5th century BCE, such pendants appeared in Tarentum, where
they became widespread in the following century.
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