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MAIASP. 2024. No. 18 Kaliolla Akhmetzhan (Almaty, Kazakhstan) Banners, bunchuks and flags of the Golden Horde DOI: 10.53737/2713-2021.2024.98.20.009 Access this
article (PDF File) Pages: 165—187 |
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The study and reconstruction of various types of military attributes
(banners, horsetail bunchuks, flags, their features
and forms) from the period of the Golden Horde (the Ulus
of Jochi era) is currently one of the pertinent
scientific problems. This topic has not previously been the subject of
independent research in studies on the history of the Golden Horde. Therefore,
the aim of this research was to reconstruct the existing system of military
symbols from the Golden Horde period based on historical sources. The primary
source for the study was iconographic materials. Monuments of visual art from
the countries and peoples that were part of the Empire of Genghis Khan and
his successors, as well as from countries that had cultural and military
contact with the Ulus of Jochi,
were utilized. Additional sources included information from written
literature, as well as archaeological and material evidence. A detailed and
in-depth analysis of the data from all these sources enabled the
reconstruction of the complex military symbolism used during the Golden Horde
era (Ulus of Jochi), and
the identification of various types of banners, flags, and bunchuks of this period, which differed in the shape of
the canvas and additional elements determining their status and specific
purposes. |
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Key words: Golden Horde; military symbol system; military attributes;
military banner; flag; bunchuk. |
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Received July 15, 2024 Accepted for publication July 31, 2024г. |
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About the author: Akhmetzhan Kaliolla ( E-mail: azbeisenov@mail.ru |